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- <text>
- <title>
- (Women) The New Feminism On Main Street
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--Women Portrait
- </history>
- <link 00197><link 00187><article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- March 20, 1972
- The New Feminism on Main Street
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> [How far, how deep run the currents of women's new
- consciousness in the U.S.? TIME Reporter-Researcher Marguerite
- Michaels visited Red Oak, Iowa. Her report:]
- </p>
- <p> Red Oak lies in the furrowed hills of southwestern Iowa, a
- farming and industrial community of 6,210 people, 19 churches,
- five public parks and two nursing homes. It has the third
- largest swimming pool in the state and boasts a Holiday Inn. As
- in most small towns, the social geography follows the contour of
- the land. In Red Oak, the rigid distinctions between "The Hill"
- and "The Flats" have just begun to be blurred by the subdivisions
- housing the middle-class managers of the new industries.
- </p>
- <p> Mention the words "Women's Liberation" and the reaction is
- immediately negative. Said one woman: "That means you're waving
- the red flag of liberalism." Still, the new consciousness has
- touched the town, perhaps changed it slightly. The Union Carbide
- factory has opened all its job categories to women. When the men
- gather over their coffee in the doughnut shop on the square, they
- no longer criticize married women for working. Retired Assistant
- Postmaster Gordon Will notes: "They used to say, `What does she
- think she's doing out of the house?' You don't hear them talk
- like that any more." Though there is little feminist rhetoric in
- Red Oak, issues are discussed in the bridge clubs and beauty
- parlors. Few women said they opposed abortion; equal pay for equal
- work is an accepted axiom. In principle, most women say they would
- send their children to a good day-care center; in practice, a
- child-care program opened last year--and soon closed for lack
- of customers.
- </p>
- <p> In Red Oak, "this Women's Lib thing" filters in through
- television and newspapers. The library has copies of Simone de
- Beauvoir's Second Sex and Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique on
- its shelves, but not Kate Millett's Sexual Politics or Germaine
- Greer's The Female Eunuch. The crisp explanation from Librarian
- Jeannette Winter: "I'll get them as soon as three people ask for
- them."
- </p>
- <p> Among the library's likely customers are women of disparate
- interests and backgrounds: young wives, working women, farm
- women, members of the Red Oak aristocracy. The largest group of
- feminists is made up of young wives and mothers. Some are
- outspoken, by Red Oak standards. Debbie Bulkeley, 30, flatly
- states: "I identify with Women's Lib. I watch one of those women
- on Johnny Carson and I think, `That's me.' Then I get up the next
- day, feed the kids and clean house and it wears off. Still it
- makes me so mad to be always Mrs. Richard Bulkeley. I don't have
- a first name of my own. I'm a person too. I wouldn't want to be
- called Women's Lib though. That's going too far." One woman
- reports snubs from neighbors for expressing similar feminist
- viewpoints.
- </p>
- <p> Red Oak's only card-carrying feminist is N.O.W. Member
- Elizabeth Richards, 59. A Radcliffe graduate, the wife of a lawyer
- and a member of one of Red Oak's oldest, wealthiest families, she
- joined N.O.W. "as soon as they opened up their membership."
- Forays into Democratic politics--including an unsuccessful race
- for the state legislature--sparked her feminism. Says she: "The
- women's movement has made me more content with my lot. I know I'm
- not the only one who's complaining; I'm not nuts." Norma Johnson,
- 37, shares the frustration over the banality of small-town social
- life with Sinclair Lewis' Main Street rebel, Carol Kennicott. She
- has spent eight years in night classes working toward her
- bachelor's and master's degrees. "I got to be age 30 and thought,
- "Is this all there is--the bridge and socials and on and on?" I
- went back to school. I got a lot of cracks from the neighbors.
- They'd say, `And what are you going to do with your children while
- you go to school?' I told one lady, `Why, of course, I'm going to
- neglect them.' That stopped the conversation."
- </p>
- <p> Mr. and Mrs. Ross Davis are perhaps typical of the resistance
- to Women's Lib in Red Oak by both men and women. "When my husband
- married me he said, `I'm Ross the Boss and don't ever forget it,'
- says Mrs. Davis. Insurance Salesman Ross Davis adds: "I believe
- in Women's Liberation. I think my wife should do whatever she
- wants--as long as she asks my permission." Many Red Oak women
- agree with Doctor's Wife Jane Smith: "A woman's place is in the
- home taking care of her children. If a woman gets bored with the
- housework, there are plenty of organizations she can join."
- </p>
- <p> A few miles outside Red Oak, Connie Bolton, 39, laughs about
- Women's Liberation: "I'm in partnership with my husband." The
- Boltons run a 160-acre farm together. "I can't imagine getting a
- job somewhere. Every time I leave home, some of the animals get
- out. Who do you think chases them? The liberated woman." Charlotte
- Lamb, 34, a divorcee, was supporting her two sons by working as a
- secretary. Last month she was promoted to personnel manager. Only
- one man congratulated her; others made derogatory remarks. Says
- Lamb: "I hope I never go through a day like that again. I didn't
- expect that kind of reaction. I was so depressed."
- </p>
- <p> Feminism's future in Red Oak lies of course, in its women of
- the future. High School Senior Rachel Hays is a cheerleader, and
- in Red Oak, cheerleaders--once the summa of girlish status--are becoming passe. Says Rachel: "They're having trouble scraping
- up enough girls in the class behind us." Her goal: "I think what
- I'd really like is to marry a millionaire." She is quickly
- corrected by Sarah McKenzie, a member of the junior class that
- has failed to produce enough cheerleaders: "Don't say `I'm going
- to marry a millionaire.' Be one. Say `I'm going to be a
- millionaire.'"
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-